In roughly the ⅓ adult population of the planet, a continued increase in blood pressure is observed. The risk group of arterial high blood pressure is people over 40, mainly men. Representatives of the opposite sex also suffer from this disease, but much less often and usually at an older age. In men's menopause, arterial hypertension usually occurs after 50 years. This is due to the imbalance of the hormones in the body due to the adjustment of the production of sex hormones with ovaries.
Fortunately, modern medicine has an extensive arsenal of cardiotropic medication that enables them to control blood pressure in patients, which prevents the development of cardiovascular catastrophes and improves the quality of life and the prognosis of patients. At the same time, an important role in the effectiveness of treatment by the patient's lifestyle is played. In all cases of the disease, it is recommended to ward off bad habits, reduction in body weight, moderate physical activity, restriction of the consumption of the table.
What is arterial hypertension
This is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 130 and 80 mm hg.
Vascular hundreds in constant change of tension and lose their functions. This affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important to with a continued increase in blood pressure over 130/80 mm, to examine and select medication for regularly checking and selecting medication.
Depending on the pressure indicators, a distinction is made between 3 degrees of arterial hypertension. The first is characterized by an increase in systolic pressure to 160 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm ed. Art. The second is characterized by indicators of up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - more than 180 and more than 110 mm ed. Art. respectively. During the diagnosis, only one indicator is sufficient for the doctor to diagnose arterial hypertension and determine his conclusion.
Reasons
The exhaustive list of factors that provoke the disease does not exist, but scientists have managed to determine a direct dependency of arterial hypertension on some diseases, conditions and habits, which include:
- hereditary disposition;
- longer stress;
- excess body weight;
- Diabetes and other endocrine disorders in history;
- Kidney diseases, adrenal glands;
- Age -related changes in the circulatory system;
- Too much salt consumption;
- Use of hormonal contraception;
- Misuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking;
- The uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictive nose waste, the abuse of coffee.
- Lack of physical activity;
- older age.
Symptoms
Patients may not have symptoms of arterial hypertension with a long syndrome due to the adaptation of blood vessels to highly artery pressure numbers. Headaches can be distinguished from the characteristic signs of the disease. "Fly" in the eyes, tides, seizures of fast heartbeat, nosebleeds and noise in the ears can also be observed.
The characters listed above can be more or less pronounced, it depends on the individual properties of the human body. Regardless of the degree of your manifestation, it is definitely necessary to seek medical help in order to normalize blood pressure, careful examination and the prescription of therapy.
If the pathology is not accompanied by symptoms, this does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the condition of the vascular walls. In order to recognize asymptomatic hypertension in people from risk groups, it is recommended to regularly control the pressure with one tonometer.
With an increase in blood pressure over 140 by 90 mm ed. Art. As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headache, shortness of breath, pain in the heart should be caused by ambulances. Hypertonic crisis as a complication, the disease that requires medical emergency care. In the absence of such, the state can gain a life -threatening character and lead to serious complications and even the patient's death.
Diagnosis
If suspicious symptoms occur, it is particularly important to visit a therapist or cardiologist. At the first appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects an anamnesis.
The specialist clarifies the necessary information to determine the tactics of the examination and treatment. It includes simultaneous chronic diseases, drugs, bad habits, inheritance in cardiovascular diseases and the physical activity of the patient.
Then the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies. Clinical protocols are recommended to guide the patient into general clinical blood and urine tests and the mirror of glucose, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), lipid profile indicators, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TSH hormones, T3 and T4 free tooDetermine evaluation of the function of the thyroid gland.
It is essential to carry out electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily blood pressure monitoring (mamd). Send the patient to the doctor an ophthalmologist to examine the bloody vessels. The presence of retinal tangopathy is one of its most important diagnostic criteria for high blood pressure.
Treatment of arterial high blood pressure
The direction of therapy depends on the degree of arterial hypertension, the severity of the state, the causes of pathology and other factors. First of all, it is important to change the lifestyle: to give up bad habits, to connect regular training or long walks in the fresh air and to give up a large amount of salt. In most cases, however, patients regularly need medicines and daily blood pressure monitoring.
In some cases, surgical intervention is required (e. g. removal of the neoplasm in the adjoining giant). If the pathological process is secondary (a consequence of an illness), the treatment should aim to eliminate the main recording.
Recommended medication
The therapeutic scheme is developed individually for each patient. As a rule, the following means are used for therapy:
- ACE inhibitor. Such medication reduces the pressure by reducing the entire peripheral vascular resistance. Are the first medication and are released according to the doctor's recipe.
- Antagonists of Angiotensin -II receptors have a similar mechanism of action, are prescribed for intolerance to ACE inhibitors or in the presence of contraindications.
- Beta blocker. They work in the heart due to the blocking of β1 adrenergic receptors. This leads to a change in the innovation of the heart, to a decrease in the frequency and strength of the heart contractions, a decrease in pressure. Priority in patients with simultaneous cardiac arrhythmias.
- Calcium antagonist. Their main property is the ability to reversibly inhibit the movement of calcium in cell structures. Medicines in this class are released according to the prescription of the doctor.
- Seastant. Showed in cases where arterial hypertension causes stress. Safe medication on a vegetable basis includes Novopassite, maternity and valerive extract in tablet form.
- Some vitamin mineral complexes and additives can be useful.
There are contraindications. Advising a specialist is required.
All medicines, doses and duration of administration should be determined by the applicable doctor. Most medications are only released in pharmacies in accordance with the recipes, since if used uncontrollably, serious side effects can cause serious side effects.
prevention
Clinical recommendations for the prevention of arterial hypertension relate to the elimination of all existing factors that can provoke the development of the pathological process. First, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, to give up bad habits, to monitor the body mass, to limit salty, sharp, sharp and spicy products in the diet, regularly monitor printing indicators, especially if the development of high blood pressure with a risk of inheritance is a factor.
If a major hypertension has already been diagnosed, the patient is prescribed regularly, followed by a blood pressure check. Target indicators for blood pressure according to current clinical protocols<130/80 mm Hg